Question bank DM/FNB Cardiac fellows

Posted on by Dr.Ajita A
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Cardiac Fellowship Question Bank Topic wise

  • BASIC SCIENCES
  • CARDIAC SURGERY
  • THORACIC SURGERY
  • TEE
  • PAEDIATRICS
  • CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
  • DRUGS
  • MONITORING
  • MISCELLANEOUS
    Basic Sciences

  1. Describe cardiac cycle. Kindly describe the hemodynamic activity in the left ventricular of a patient with aortic stenosis – prior to and after aortic valve replacement
  2. Events in cardiac cycle
  3. Discuss effects of inhalation and intravenous agents on systemic haemodynamics and coronary circulation
  4. Anatomy of internal jugular vein
  5. Medical therapy of congestive heart failure
  6. Platelet function assessment
  7. Describe with the help of a diagram the normal pressure volume loop of the left ventricle. Show the changes that occur in chronic severe aortic incompetence(with figure)
  8. Describe the physiology of transplanted heart.
  9. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of coronary circulation with regards to a patient undergoing CABG surgery
  10. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of coronary circulation
  11. Describe the coronary anatomy,.Write a note on coronary steal
    Cardiac Surgery

  1. Discuss the pathophysiology and anaesthetic management of a 35 year old male patient with chronic severe mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve replacement.
  2. Discuss the perioperative management of cardiac transplantation in adults
  3. Thoracic epidural anesthesia in cardiac surgery
  4. Low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery-management strategies
  5. Renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery- etiology, pathology, prophylaxis and management
  6. Post operative management after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  7. Anesthetic management of a patient with blunt chest trauma and traumatic cardiac tamponade
  8. Primary pulmonary hypertension – recent advances in management
  9. abdominal complications after cardiac surgery
  10. Pulmonary function before and after cardiac surgery and its management
  11. Issues concerned with heart and lung transplantation
  12. Describe the anesthetic management of patient undergoing open heart surgery for clacific mitral stenosis with aortic regurgitation
  13. Discuss anti arrhythmic management during anesthesia for adult cardiac surgery
  14. Risk assessment and out come studies in cardiac surgery
  15. What are the goals and benefits of fast tracking in cardiac surgery? Mention the procedures and technique of fast track cardiac anesthesia
  16. Discuss the incidence, mechanisms and haemodynamics of atrial fibrillation(AF): what is treatment for AF? Add a note on the anesthetic considerations in AF
  17. Diastolic dysfunction
  18. Post operative management after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  19. Primary pulmonary hypertension – recent advances in management
  20. Peri operative management of ascending aortic aneurysm
  21. Bloodless cardiac surgery (Haemopoietin,Factor vii etc)
  22. Issues concerned with lung transplantation
  23. Describe the anesthetic management of patient undergoing double valve replacement(mitral and aortic).
  24. Write in detail about atrial fibrillation in the intra-operative period.
  25. Discuss the natural history, pathophysiology and anesthetic management for aortic stenosis
  26. Intraoperative diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia
  27. Discuss management of jehovah’s witness for cardiac surgery
  28. Multi modal analgesia after cardiac surgery
  29. A 35 years old female patient with mitral stenosis and aortic incompetence is posted for double valve replacement. The patient had closed mitral commisurotomy 10 years ago and belongs to Jehova’s faith. Discuss the management strategies for this patient and also the current guidelines for blood conservation in cardiac surgery
  30. Mention the factors influencing myocardial oxygen demand and supply. Describe various techniques of myocardial preservation during cardiopulmonary bypass. How will you monitor ischemia during cardiac surgery
  31. Diagnosis and management of right ventricular dusfunction
  32. Anesthetic management for carotid endarterectomy
  33. Organ preservation following harvest of heart.
  34. Discuss left mammary artery(LIMA) as an arterial conduit
  35. Describe the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis. Describe the anesthetic management of a patient requiring mitral valve repair and maze procedure
  36. Awake cardiac surgery
  37. Write a note on management of acute pulmonary edema in a patient scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  38. Describe in detail the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. Describe the medical and surgical therapeutic options for its treatment
  39. Use of thoracic epidural ans in cardiac surgery and the controversy regarding symptomatic epidural hematoma
  40. Write a note on coronary steal
  41. Write an essay on monitoring cerebral functions during cardiac surgery
  42. Write an essay on anesthetic management of acute aortic dissection
  43. Temperature monitoring and maintenance during off pump CABG
  44. Write a note on issues in the anesthetic management of electrohysiological and surgical therapy of congestive heart failure
    Thoracic Surgery

  1. Discuss the anesthetic considerations in the management of thoraco abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  2. Discuss the preoperative respiratory assessment of a patient undergoing left pneumonectomy.
  3. Preoperative preparation of patient with bronchiectasis of right lower lobe scheduled for lobectomy
  4. Prevention and management of complications of patient undergoing surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysm
  5. Preoperative assessment of a patient scheduled for abdominal aortoplasty
  6. Write a note on anesthetic management of coarctation of aorta for interventional and surgical techniques
    TEE

  1. Describe in detail the physics applicable to echocardiography. Describe the role of trans esophageal electrocardiography in cardiac surgery
  2. TEE in congenital heart surgery
  3. Assessment of MR by TEE
  4. Quantification of MS on TEE
  5. Systolic anterior motion(SAM) and its significance
  6. Assessment of diastolic dysfunction by TEE
  7. Write a note of use of TEE during coronary artery bypass surgery
  8. Measurement of ejection fraction using TEE
    Paediatrics

  1. Discuss the pathophysiology, anesthetic management and post operative care of a 9 month old infant, weighing 8kg posted for repair of tetralogy of fallot
  2. Discuss cost containment in pediatric cardic surgery / anesthesia
  3. Discuss the management of “cynotic spell” in a child with tetralogy of fallotDiscuss in detail deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in children undergoing cardiac surgery
  4. Perioperative management of a patient for modified BT shunt
  5. Anesthesia for children undergoing interventinal procedures in cath lab
  6. Describe the management of children undergoing total circulatory arrest for corrective cardiac surgery
  7. FONTAN’s procedure – management
  8. Anesthesia for paediatric catheterization
  9. Anesthetic principles in managing a child with congenital heart disease for right heart catheterization
  10. Discribe the role of peritoneal dialysis in post operative renal dysfunction in infants after surgery for congenital heart disease
  11. Pulmonary hypertensive crises in a child after VSD closure. ( Write a note on the etilogy and management of pulomonary hypertensive crisis)
  12. Write a note on ventilator strategies in a postoperative neonate with severe pulmonary hypertension
  13. Discuss the anesthetic management of device closure of ASD in a child
  14. Discuss the fetal circulation and the relevance to cardiac anesthesiologists
  15. Describe the anatomy of TOF. Describe the management of tet spell and the anesthetic management of Blallock Tausig shunt.
    Cardiopulmonary Bypass

  1. CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
  2. Retrograde cardioplegia – Discuss techniques, advantages and disadvantages
  3. Discuss the management of post operative bleeding after cardio pulmonary bypass
  4. Intra-aortic balloon pumping
  5. Describe in detail Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in children undergoing cardiac surgery
  6. Write in detail the disadvantages of use of cardiopulmonary bypass and techniques to alleviate them
  7. What is mycordial preconditioning. What is its relevance in cardiac anesthesia
  8. Memebrane oxygenators
  9. MUF
  10. Centrifugal pump
  11. What is ishaemic preconditioning?Discuss the role of anesthetic agents in preconditioning
  12. Describe the techniques and recent advances in providing myocardial preservation
  13. Discuss systemic inflammation and cardiac surgery. What are the complications attributable to systemic inflammation and potential therapy for prevention?
  14. Write a short essay of oxygenators
  15. Cell saver
    Drugs

  1. A)Levosimendan B)Sildenafil
  2. Discuss the role of adenosine in cardiac surgery
  3. A)Tranexamic acid B)Clopidogrel
  4. Milrinone
  5. Heparin resistance
  6. Write notes on newer inhalational agents
  7. Natriuretic preptide
  8. Alternatives to heparin
  9. Rocuronium Bromide
  10. Write notes on newer-muscle relaxants in cardiac anesthesia
  11. Dobutamine
  12. Ketamine in cardiac anesthesia.
  13. Write in detail the pharmacology of amidarone
  14. Discuss the advantages of sevoflurane over isoflurane in cardiac patients
  15. Write a note on Triiodothyronine
  16. Write a note on Bosentan
  17. Discuss the characters of an ideal neuromuscular biocking agent in cardiac anesthesia. Kindly substantiate, which neuromuscular bloking agent according to you is ideal
    Monitoring

  1. Draw a normal radial arterial waveform. Discuss the information, which you can gather from this waveform. Graphically show the changes in the waveform after institution of intra aortic balloon pump
  2. Continuous cardiac output measurement
  3. Swan Ganz catheter
  4. Thromboelastogram
  5. Cardiac output measurement derived from arterial waveform
  6. Utility of advanced PA catheters
  7. Cardiac output measurement derived from arterial waveform
  8. Mixed venous oxygen saturation. Write the relevance of mixed venous oxygen saturation in a critically ill cardiac patient
  9. Describe in detail the Swan Ganz catheter and write about the controversises regarding its use
  10. Write a short essay on techniques of continuous cardiac output measurement using arterial waveforms
  11. Enumerate the methods of cardiac output measurements. Discuss the recently introduced techniques of continuous cardiac output monitoring
  12. What is ACT? Write a note on its relevance to cardiac anesthesiologist
    Miscellaneous

  1. Cardiac Pacing – recent advances
  2. Pacemaker implantation – newer typed and advances
  3. AICD. Anesthesia for insertion of implantable automated cardioverter defibrillator
  4. Dual chamber pacing
  5. Coagulation disorders and management(tranexamic acid, factor vii etc)
  6. MODS(multi organ dysfunction syndrome)
  7. Principles of practice of regional anesthesia in anticoagulated patients
  8. Blood conservation in cardiac surgery
  9. Transfusion related acute lung injury
  10. Total parenteral nutrition
  11. Metabolic acidosis
  12. SIRS(systemic inflammatory response syndrome)
  13. Respiratory care in the post operative period
  14. Write a note on recent recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  15. Write a note on thyroid function and relevance to cardiac anesthesia.
  16. Recent advances in management of septic shock
  17. Mechanical assist devices
  18. Write a note on metabolic acidosis in a post cardiac surgical patient
  19. Discuss the etiopathology of cardiac arrhythmias in the postoperative period.
  20. Discuss the ans management of a patient with acute massive pulmonary embolism
  21. Write methods to improve cost efficiency of inhalational anesthesia in cardiac surgery

Question bank